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This list contains all spacewalks and moonwalks performed from 1965 to 1999 where an astronaut has fully or partially left a spacecraft. Entries for moonwalks are shown with a gray background while entries for all other EVAs are uncolored. All spacewalks have had the astronauts tethered to their spacecraft except for seven spacewalks by the United States (six in 1984 using the Manned Maneuvering Unit, and one in 1994 testing the SAFER rescue device). All moonwalks were performed with astronauts untethered, and some of the astronauts traveled far enough to lose visual contact with their craft (they were up to 7.6 km away from it using the Lunar Rover). One lunar EVA was not a moonwalk, but rather a stand-up EVA partially out the top hatch of the LM, where it was thought that the extra height would help with surveying the area prior to conducting the moonwalks. Only three deep-space EVAs have ever been conducted, where the activity was neither on the lunar surface nor in Low Earth Orbit, but far away from both the Moon and the Earth. ==1965–1969 Spacewalks and moonwalks== ''Spacewalk beginning and ending times are given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).'' |- | rowspan=2 |4. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 10 - EVA 1 | Michael Collins | 19 July 1966 21:44:00 | 19 July 1966 22:33:00 | 0 h 49 min |- | colspan=4 |Collins performed a stand-up EVA. Instead of climbing completely out of the spacecraft, Collins extended his torso outside the spacecraft to take photos before and after capsule sunrise. Color photography after sunrise was only partly completed due to severe eye irritation of both Collins and Command Pilot Young. Handling the camera proved difficult due to the stiffness of Collins' gloves. |- | rowspan=2 |5. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 10 - EVA 2 | Michael Collins | 20 July 1966 23:01:00 | 20 July 1966 23:40:00 | 0 h 39 min |- | colspan=4 |Collins performed an umbilical EVA. With more difficulty than expected, Collins collected the micrometeorite collection package from the exterior of the Gemini spacecraft. Then, using the Hand Held Maneuvering Unit, he pushed to the nearby Agena Target Vehicle to collect its micrometeorite collection package. Collins then pulled on the umbilical cord to return and re-enter the spacecraft.〔Mathews (Gemini Program Mission Report: Gemini X ), pp. 7–32〕 |- | rowspan=2 |6. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 11 - EVA 1 | Richard Gordon | 13 September 1966 14:44:00 | 13 September 1966 15:17:00 | 0 h 33 min |- | colspan=4 |Gordon attached a tether between the Gemini and Agena Target Vehicle for later orbital mechanics testing. While making the attachment, his workload exceeded the capacity of the spacesuit cooling system, and his vision became obscured by a fogged visor and sweat in his eyes. Planned activities were curtailed by Command Pilot Conrad and Gordon returned to the spacecraft. |- | rowspan=2 |7. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 11 - EVA 2 | Richard Gordon | 14 September 1966 12:49:00 | 14 September 1966 14:57:00 | 2 h 08 min |- | colspan=4 |Gordon performed a stand-up EVA, extending through the hatch to take astronomical photos. Conrad reported the spacewalk was so relaxing they both fell asleep for a moment after sunrise. |- | rowspan=2 |8. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 12 - EVA 1 | Buzz Aldrin | 12 November 1966 16:15:00 | 12 November 1966 18:44:00 | 2 h 29 min |- | colspan=4 |Aldrin performed a stand-up EVA. Aldrin took UV still photos and 16 mm color movie pictures, collected external experimental samples, and conducted a light exercise routine. |- | rowspan=2 |9. | rowspan=2 |Gemini 12 - EVA 2 | Buzz Aldrin | 13 November 1966 15:34:00 | 13 November 1966 17:40:00 | 2 h 06 min |- | colspan=4 |Aldrin’s walk was the first completely successful umbilical EVA, with all objectives achieved. He was able to control his movements and restrict his workload using techniques developed using underwater zero gravity simulations. Aldrin also benefited from the experiences of the previous American EVAs. Aldrin was able to move around the outside of the craft, deploy and recover various experimental packages, install and remove cameras, and practice work techniques using a ratchet-type wrench.〔Mathews, (Gemini XII Program Mission Report ), pp. 7–28, 7-29, 7-43〕 |- | rowspan=2|10. | rowspan=2|Gemini 12 - EVA 3 | Buzz Aldrin | 14 November 1966 14:52:00 | 14 November 1966 15:47:00 | 0 h 55 min |- | colspan=4|Aldrin performed another stand-up EVA. Aldrin again extended outside the hatch to take photographs and repeat the light exercise experiment. Exertion levels during exercise were comparable to preflight simulations. Equipment and waste food containers not needed for re-entry were jettisoned from the spacecraft.〔Mathews, (Gemini XII Program Mission Report ), pp. 7–30〕 |- | colspan="6" style="background:#ccf; height:5px;"| |- | rowspan=2 |11. | rowspan=2 |Soyuz 4 & Soyuz 5 | Yevgeny Khrunov Aleksei Yeliseyev | 16 January 1969 12:43:00 | 16 January 1969 01:15:00 | 0 h 37 min |- | colspan=4 |Khrunov and Yeliseyev conducted the first two-man spacewalk. Both cosmonauts launched in Soyuz 5, which then docked with Soyuz 4. Khrunov and Yeliseyev performed an EVA to transfer to Soyuz 4. Although docked together, Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 did not make an internal connection, necessitating the EVA. Khrunov and Yeliseyev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz 4.〔 〕 |- | rowspan=2 |12. | rowspan=2 |Apollo 9 | Rusty Schweickart David Scott (Stand up only) | 6 March 1969 16:45:00 | 6 March 1969 18:02:00 | 1 h 17 min |- | colspan=4 |Schweickart exited the Lunar Module hatch, wearing the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) backpack. Schweickart's backpack provided oxygen, communications, and cooling, independent of his spacecraft. Scott extended out of the Command Module hatch but remained supported by the Command Module through an umbilical cord. Plans for Schweickart to move to the Command Module hatch were scrubbed due to severe space sickness he had suffered the day before. |- style="background:silver;" | rowspan=2 |13. | rowspan=2 |Apollo 11 - Moonwalk | Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin | 21 July 1969 02:39:33 | 21 July 1969 05:11:39 | 2 h 31 min 40 s |- style="background:silver;" | colspan=4 |Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. Aldrin followed, describing the Moon as "magnificent desolation." During their 2½ hour EVA, the team deployed the Early Apollo Scientific Experimental Package, took a call from President Nixon, collected rock and core samples, raised a US Flag, and took photographs. Armstrong reported moving around on the Moon was easier than the simulation.〔 |- style="background:silver;" | rowspan=2 |14. | rowspan=2 |Apollo 12 - First Moonwalk | Pete Conrad Alan Bean | 19 November 1969 11:32:35 | 19 November 1969 15:28:38 | 3 h 56 min 03 s |- style="background:silver;" | colspan=4 |During the first Apollo 12 moonwalk, Conrad and Bean deployed the Modular Equipment Stowage Assembly, collected and stowed the contingency sample, erected the solar wind foil, collected core samples and more surface samples, and deployed the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package. Early in the moonwalk, Bean accidentally pointed the color TV camera toward the Sun and destroyed the camera. Communication to the ground for the remainder of their moonwalks became radio-only.〔Chaikan, ''A Man on the Moon'', p.264.〕 The two were surprised to find photocopies of Playboy Playmate pictures inserted into some pages of their cuff checklist, a prank done by their backup crew. |- style="background:silver;" | rowspan=2|15. | rowspan=2|Apollo 12 - Second Moonwalk | Pete Conrad Alan Bean | November 20, 1969 03:54:45 | November 20, 1969 07:44:00 | 3 h 49 min 15 s |- style="background:silver;" | colspan=4|Conrad and Bean collected additional core and rock samples and traveled over 600 feet to Surveyor 3 to collect some parts (including the TV camera) off the robotic lander. They also retrieved the solar wind foil deployed on their earlier moonwalk.〔McDivitt, ''Apollo 12 Mission Report'', pp. 3–2.〕 |} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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